Energy Management and Optimization of Large-Scale Electric Vehicle Charging on the Grid

The sustainability of a clean energy transition for electric vehicle transportation is clearly affected by increased consumption cost, which associated with large-scale vehicles (EVs) charging on fossil-fuel dependent electricity grid. This places potential threat the safe operations and stability grid increases emissions greenhouse gases (GHGs) from power stations that generate electricity. Furthermore, uncontrolled integration EVs will increase exponentially in coming years. Because this, new peaks be generated due to EV load variance, significant impact transformer limit substation capacity violation occur. To mitigate high cost grid, reduce GHGs, there need provide multi-level optimization approach robust dynamic solve problem paper investigates reviews recent applications controls approaches used management Energy this context not trivial. It implies objectives such as shifting, peak shaving, minimizing stable operation can achieved. In study, includes both battery (BEVs), have larger banks longer duration higher capacity, plug-in hybrid (PHEVs) smaller capacities.